一位小鎮醫師的行醫紀事：以吳新榮日記為例
一位小鎮醫師的行醫紀事：以吳新榮日記為例
日治時期，殖民政府於1899年設立臺灣總督府醫學校，透過學校教育進一步培養臺灣人成為具備現代醫療技術的合格醫師；再加上赴日本習醫者返回臺灣，大批受過醫學校教育的畢業生開始在社會上執業。至1920年代，確立臺灣以私人開業為主要的醫療模式，當時的醫療市場機制也有利於醫師的收入，更助長私人開業醫的經濟優勢，吳新榮即在此時代背景下從習醫到開業。吳新榮是臺南將軍人，1907年出生，1932年畢業於東京醫學專門學校，嗣後在佳里鎮開業行醫，懸壺濟世之外，他也熱衷文學創作、事業經營和社會參與，當時醫師收入豐厚，是貨幣所得極高、令人稱羨的行業。又因處於殖民統治穩定期，即便後來遭逢戰火蔓延，依然可以藉著醫學專業維持經濟收入和名聲地位而不致生活困窘。戰後政權轉移，醫療環境也產生變化，吳新榮的行醫事業也受政治因素影響而陷入困境。1950年臺灣開始辦理勞工保險，起初僅限特定事業單位的員工，1960年擴大實施，當時由於大型醫院很少，結合幾個專科或次專科醫師合開綜合醫院乃成為經營趨勢，此即吳新榮醫業重新奮起的時機。
而為了鞏固、維護和擴大醫療事業，醫師也需要從事政治和社會參與，以便在政治、經濟、社會等方面占有地位，從日治到戰後皆是如此。就面對時局變化而言，吳新榮在日治似乎比戰後適應良好，事實上，戰後初期的臺籍醫師大多數都是如此。甚至有為數眾多的醫師在二二八事件和白色恐怖時期遭受迫害，這些醫師都在戰爭世代成長，處於從日治過渡到戰後臺灣的新政局，經歷過日本殖民政府為戰爭動員而實行皇民化政策；而後又面臨國民政府接收的時代變局中，體悟到接收後的貪污無能、壓迫與欺侮臺灣人的失德失政，迫使不少醫師延續日治時期以來關懷時局的傳統而作出肆應。吳新榮也秉持此種傳統積極參與公共事務──擔任三民主義青年團佳里區隊長、臺南縣參議會參議員、臺南縣醫師公會常務理事兼北門區分會主任等職務。然而，戰後熱衷政治和社會參與卻令吳新榮付出慘痛代價，兩度入獄嚴重影響醫師本業的經營而致家道中落。
吳新榮在戰後歷經十多年的長期低潮，其人生能夠東山再起主要有兩個原因：一是在醫師公會始終維持一席之地。戰後由於臺灣醫療資源匱乏，為促進醫界團結，各縣市紛紛成立醫師公會，協助政府推動公共衛生、保障醫師權益、催生醫師法，推動醫療國民外交，以發揮引領臺灣醫療政策制度的重要力量。即便歷經政治迫害，由於吳新榮在醫師公會的地位和享有的保障，以及在醫界的份量和人脈猶在，這也是申請勞保指定醫院能夠通過的因素之一。至於重整旗鼓的另一原因則是栽培子弟繼承事業。他一生辛勞希望能為後代奠定基礎，殷切盼望子孫能夠有人再當醫師，認為這是繼承祖業的表現，足以光耀門楣、再振家聲。從吳新榮一生的經歷來看，他不僅是日治到戰後眾多的地方開業醫之一，即便人生跌宕起伏，其行醫經歷經即是臺灣醫療史的一個縮影。
應用與亮點：
本文主要運用吳新榮日記，旁及於報紙與先行研究，進而針對吳新榮的後人進行訪談，以考察吳新榮身為一名小鎮醫師，在不同政權下從事的政治和社會等方面的參與，以及這些參與對其行醫事業和人生遭遇所造成的影響, 堪稱是吳新榮研究相當完整且重要的回顧與整理。
【研究團隊】
通識教育中心 人文與藝術教育中心 林丁國副教授
研究聯繫Email：celise@kmu.edu.tw
【論文資訊】
論文出處：《臺灣師大歷史學報》2021年12月；第66期：頁129-174。
全文下載：https://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alPublicationJournal?PublicationID=03019667&IssueYear=2021
Development , Continuity ,Regime Change： Taiwan as Depicted in the Diary of Wu Xin-Ron (1933-1967)
Development , Continuity ,Regime Change： Taiwan as Depicted in the Diary of Wu Xin-Ron (1933-1967)
Xin-Rong Wu, from Jiangjun, Tainan, was born in 1907. He was a well-known writer and doctor. In 1932, he was graduated from medical school of Tokyo. Afterwards, he returned to Chiali village of Beimen Jun to succeed Chiali Hospital founded by his uncle Ping-Ting Wu and since then, he practiced medical business in the small town throughout his life. In his leisure time, he was engaged in literary creation, business operation and political and social participation. He has been working in Medical Association for long term and in 1939, he was elected as reconciliation member of Chiali Street with the highest votes. In 1946, he was elected the 1st Tainan County Senator after the war. In 1951, after losing the election of Tainan County Senator, he gradually left political circle; in 1952, he undertook the post as the member of Tainan County Documentation Committee and chief editor and accomplished ten volumes and thirteen books of Tainan County Chronicles in eight years; in 1960, he founded Hsinsheng United Hospital with the friend and undertook the position as the director. In 1967, he was suddenly passed away due to heart disease.
A diary is a true record of a person’s life, as well as a microcosm of the passing of times. Xin-Rong Wu experienced two completely different regimes throughout his life, and his 30 years of medical practice and life are recorded in detail in his diary. This diary makes it possible to observe the true appearance of a small-town doctor under changing times from 1930s to 1960s. The Xin-Rong Wu Diary Series has been published in 11 volumes, from 1933 to 1967, which lasted for 33 years. The content is rich, the writing is vivid, and the words and sentences are touching. It is not only the longest diary of Taiwanese literati, but also keeps the true records in many aspects for the late Japanese colonial period and the early postwar era.
Application and Highlights:
This study mainly probes into political and social participation of Xin-Rong Wu as a small-town doctor under different political power and the effect of the participation on his career and life experience.
Representative Department:
Ting-Kuo Lin
Center for General Education
Center for Humanities and Arts Education (Associate Professor)
Contact Email: celise@kmu.edu.tw
Publication: BULLETIN OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH National Taiwan Normal University. December, 2021; No.66 : Pages.129-174
Full-Text Article:
https://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alPublicationJournal?PublicationID=03019667&IssueYear=2021
